废旧沥青路面材料再生利用技术根据拌和方式和施工场地的不同，分为厂拌热再生、厂拌冷再生、就地热再生和就地冷再生。由于就地热再生现场设备加热深度有限，全深式再生基本以就地冷再生为主，可以说，全深式冷再生是就地冷再生的其中一类。

The recycling and utilization technology of waste asphalt pavement materials can be divided into plant mixed hot recycling, plant mixed cold recycling, on-site geothermal recycling, and on-site cold recycling according to different mixing methods and construction sites. Due to the limited heating depth of on-site equipment for geothermal regeneration, full depth regeneration is mainly based on on-site cold regeneration. It can be said that full depth cold regeneration is one type of on-site cold regeneration.

　　再生技术的对比

Comparison of regeneration technologies

　　厂拌与就地是指再生混合料的生产场地不同；冷与热是指拌和生产的温度不同。就地、冷、热再生均需要专门的设备，厂拌热再生的拌和生产是在改进后的热拌设备上进行，而厂拌冷再生根据所采用的胶结料不同，设备也有一定差异。冷再生回收料的掺量主要受级配控制，热再生回收料的掺量主要受加热与投送设备和级配控制。

Factory mixing and on-site mixing refer to the different production sites for recycled mixtures; Cold and hot refer to the different temperatures used in mixing and production. On site, cold, and hot regeneration all require specialized equipment. The mixing production of plant mixed hot regeneration is carried out on improved hot mixing equipment, and the equipment for plant mixed cold regeneration varies depending on the type of binder used. The dosage of cold recycled materials is mainly controlled by gradation, while the dosage of hot recycled materials is mainly controlled by heating and delivery equipment and gradation.

　　根据再生技术的不同，材料组成设计方法具有明显差异，热再生混合料配合比设计采用马歇尔击实体积设计法，冷再生混合料配合比设计采用改进的马歇尔击实法，并无体积指标的要求，很显然一类是按照热拌沥青混合料进行组成设计，另一类是按照半刚性基层材料进行组成设计，相应的材料标准也不同，热再生混合料依据热拌沥青混合料标准，冷再生混合料考虑到力学性能的差异，并非参考半刚性基层材料标准，而是采用独特的、介于半刚性与柔性材料之间的一套材料标准，因此，就材料性能而言，热再生混合料优于冷再生混合料。

According to different recycling technologies, there are significant differences in material composition design methods. The mix proportion design of hot recycled mixtures adopts Marshall compaction volume design method, while the mix proportion design of cold recycled mixtures adopts improved Marshall compaction method without volume index requirements. It is obvious that one type is designed according to the composition of hot mixed asphalt mixture, and the other type is designed according to the composition of semi-rigid base materials, with corresponding material standards also different. Hot recycled mixtures are designed according to the standards of hot mixed asphalt mixture, while cold recycled mixtures consider the differences in mechanical properties, not referring to the standards of semi-rigid base materials, but using a unique set of material standards between semi-rigid and flexible materials. Therefore, in terms of material performance, hot recycled mixtures are superior to cold recycled mixtures. Recycled mixtures.

　　热再生混合料的拌和工艺

Mixing process of hot recycled mixtures

　　由于冷再生与热再生混合料拌和工艺的不同，热再生技术需要对回收料，加热之后输送添加到拌缸中，加热的回收料由于沥青软化而产生黏性，须对普通矿料加热与输送设备专门的改造设计，否则将导致间歇式拌和楼加热滚筒内壁和热料仓振动筛黏结较多回收料细颗粒，而无法正常运转或低效运转，严重影响热拌沥青混合料的生产。

Due to the difference in mixing processes between cold and hot recycling mixtures, hot recycling technology requires the recovery of materials. After heating, they are transported and added to the mixing tank. The heated recovery of materials produces viscosity due to the softening of asphalt. Therefore, it is necessary to specially modify and design the heating and conveying equipment for ordinary mineral materials. Otherwise, it will result in more fine particles of the recovered materials sticking to the inner wall of the heating drum in the intermittent mixing plant and the vibrating screen of the hot material bin, which will not operate normally or be inefficient, seriously affecting the production of hot mix asphalt mixtures.

　　度和黏度检测就显得尤为重要。

The detection of viscosity and viscosity is particularly important.

　　冷再生混合料的拌和工艺

Mixing process of cold recycled mixtures

　　冷再生技术施工简便、回收料掺量较大，是提高利用率最直接有效的措施，也是目前应用较为广泛的一项技术。

Cold recycling technology is a simple construction method with a large amount of recycled materials, which is the most direct and effective measure to improve utilization efficiency. It is also a widely used technology at present.

　　冷再生采用乳化沥青或泡沫沥青，辅以水泥，作为新的胶结料体系，将回收料黏结在一起，形成一定强度、稳定性的柔性材料。其中，厂拌冷再生一般采用乳化沥青、辅以水泥的方式，在拌和场集中生产、输运到工地、摊铺碾压、养生后开放交通，国内应用该技术已有十几年的时间；就地冷再生多采用泡沫沥青、辅以水泥的方式，现场的再生技术主要是对设备有较高的要求，需要配置一系列机具和设备，其中最关键的沥青发泡设备，目前国外厂家的设备应用较多。但由于就地冷再生需要现场添加新骨料及水泥，而且工地材料颗粒及性能变异性大，铺筑泡沫冷再生混合料施工质量控制难度较大。而对于厂拌冷再生混合料施工，回收料在拌和场分档、检测后，集中拌和生产，可以充分控制质量，对材料性能的发挥具有更加可靠的保证。

Cold recycling uses emulsified asphalt or foam asphalt, supplemented by cement, as a new binder system, to bond the recycled materials together to form a flexible material with certain strength and stability. Among them, plant mixed cold recycling generally adopts the method of emulsified asphalt and supplemented with cement, which is centrally produced in the mixing plant, transported to the construction site, paved and rolled, and opened to traffic after health preservation. This technology has been applied in China for more than a decade; The on-site cold recycling mostly uses foam asphalt supplemented by cement. The on-site recycling technology mainly has high requirements for equipment and needs to be equipped with a series of machines, tools and equipment, of which the most critical is asphalt foaming equipment. At present, foreign manufacturers use more equipment. However, due to the need for on-site cold recycling to add new aggregate and cement, and the large variability of site material particles and performance, it is difficult to control the construction quality of paving foam cold recycling mixture. For the construction of plant mixed cold recycled mixtures, the recycled materials are divided and tested in the mixing plant, and then mixed and produced in a centralized manner, which can fully control the quality and provide a more reliable guarantee for the performance of the materials.

　　冷再生混合料采用乳化沥青或泡沫沥青作为新的胶结料，乳化沥青冷再生与泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的强度增长机理也是不同的。冷再生乳化沥青是中裂、慢裂拌和型阳离子乳化沥青，厂拌冷再生用慢裂型，就地冷再生和全深式冷再生用中裂、慢裂型均可。性能指标包括破乳速度、筛上残留物比例、黏度、黏附性、拌和均匀度、储存稳定性，以及蒸发残留物含量、针入度、延度和溶解度等十余项；冷再生泡沫沥青技术指标有膨胀率和半衰期，可以通过调整发泡温度、用水量和气压等来改善。

The cold recycling mixture uses emulsified asphalt or foam asphalt as a new binder. The strength growth mechanism of emulsified asphalt cold recycling mixture is different from that of foam asphalt cold recycling mixture. Cold recycled emulsified asphalt is a mixed cationic emulsified asphalt with medium and slow cracks. It can be used for factory mixed cold recycling with slow cracks, on-site cold recycling, and full depth cold recycling with medium and slow cracks. Performance indicators include more than ten items, including demulsification speed, proportion of residue on screen, viscosity, adhesion, mixing uniformity, storage stability, as well as evaporation residue content, penetration, ductility, and solubility; Technical indexes of cold recycled foam asphalt include expansion rate and half-life, which can be improved by adjusting foaming temperature, water consumption and air pressure.

　　从以上技术指标可知，乳化沥青有微颗粒大小及均匀度的要求，而泡沫沥青却无微颗粒的要求，这在一定程度上决定了强度形成规律，通过试件的横截面发现，泡沫沥青冷再生混合料中存在均匀分布的黑点，而乳化沥青冷再生混合料却无这种情况，一个是点状分布而另一个是均匀分布。相比而言，乳化沥青冷再生混合料在强度方面略优于泡沫沥青冷再生混合料。

From the above technical indicators, it can be seen that emulsified asphalt has requirements for the size and uniformity of micro particles, while foam asphalt has no requirements for micro particles, which to some extent determines the strength formation law. Through the cross section of the test piece, it is found that there are evenly distributed black spots in the cold recycled mixture of foam asphalt, but this is not the case for the cold recycled mixture of emulsified asphalt. One is distributed in spots and the other is distributed evenly. In contrast, the strength of emulsified asphalt cold recycling mixture is slightly better than that of foam asphalt cold recycling mixture.

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