工作原理

Working principle

路拌机主要由发动机、传动系统、工作装置、行走系统和控制系统等部分组成。工作时，发动机提供动力，通过传动系统将动力传递给工作装置。工作装置通常包括转子和刀具，转子在旋转时，刀具切入路面材料，将其破碎、搅拌，并与其他添加材料（如水泥、石灰、水等）均匀混合。行走系统带动路拌机在路面上移动，使搅拌工作能够连续进行，同时控制系统可以调节工作装置的转速、刀具的切入深度以及行走速度等参数，以满足不同的施工要求。

The road mixer is mainly composed of engine, transmission system, working device, walking system, and control system. During operation, the engine provides power and transmits it to the working device through the transmission system. The working device usually includes a rotor and a cutting tool. When the rotor rotates, the cutting tool cuts into the road material, crushes and mixes it evenly with other added materials such as cement, lime, water, etc. The walking system drives the road mixer to move on the road surface, enabling continuous mixing work. At the same time, the control system can adjust parameters such as the speed of the working device, the depth of the cutting tool, and the walking speed to meet different construction requirements.

类型特点

Type characteristics

自行式路拌机：这种路拌机具有独立的行走机构和动力系统，能够自主行驶到施工地点，机动性强，适用于大型道路工程的施工。其工作装置功率较大，可以搅拌较厚的路面材料层，施工效率高。例如，在高速公路的基层施工中，自行式路拌机能够快速完成大面积的材料搅拌工作。

Self propelled road mixer: This type of road mixer has an independent walking mechanism and power system, which can autonomously travel to the construction site. It has strong maneuverability and is suitable for the construction of large-scale road projects. Its working device has a high power and can mix thick layers of road materials, resulting in high construction efficiency. For example, in the grassroots construction of highways, self-propelled road mixers can quickly complete large-scale material mixing work.

拖式路拌机：拖式路拌机需要由其他车辆牵引才能移动，它的结构相对简单，成本较低。适用于一些小型道路施工或场地较为狭窄的区域。拖式路拌机的工作装置通常较小，适合搅拌较薄的路面材料层，但由于需要牵引车带动，其机动性相对自行式路拌机要差一些。

Trailing road mixer: Trailing road mixer needs to be towed by other vehicles to move, and its structure is relatively simple and cost-effective. Suitable for small road construction or narrow areas of the site. The working device of a trailer road mixer is usually smaller and suitable for mixing thinner layers of road materials. However, due to the need for a tractor to drive it, its maneuverability is relatively poor compared to a self-propelled road mixer.

操作注意事项

Precautions for operation

施工前准备：在使用路拌机前，需要对施工场地进行清理，确保路面平整，无障碍物。同时，要检查路拌机的各个部件是否正常，如刀具的磨损情况、传动系统的润滑情况等，保证设备处于良好的工作状态。

Preparation before construction: Before using the road mixer, it is necessary to clean the construction site to ensure that the road surface is flat and free of obstacles. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether the various components of the road mixer are normal, such as the wear of the cutting tools, the lubrication of the transmission system, etc., to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition.

材料选择与配比：根据施工要求，准确选择路面材料，并严格按照设计的配合比进行配料。不同的道路工程对材料的要求不同，例如水泥稳定碎石基层，对碎石的粒径、水泥的标号以及含水量等都有严格的规定，必须按照规范进行选择和配比，以保证搅拌后的材料性能符合工程质量要求。

Material selection and proportioning: Accurately select pavement materials according to construction requirements and strictly follow the designed proportioning for batching. Different road projects have different requirements for materials, such as cement stabilized crushed stone base. There are strict regulations on the particle size of crushed stone, cement grade, and moisture content, which must be selected and proportioned according to the specifications to ensure that the performance of the mixed materials meets the quality requirements of the project.

操作规范：操作人员在启动路拌机后，应先空转一段时间，观察设备运行是否正常，然后再缓慢将刀具切入路面材料。在搅拌过程中，要根据材料的搅拌情况和施工要求，适时调整刀具的切入深度、转子的转速以及行走速度等参数。同时，要注意观察路拌机的运行状态，如发现异常声音或振动，应立即停机检查，排除故障后再继续施工。

Operation specification: After starting the road mixer, the operator should first idle for a period of time, observe whether the equipment is running normally, and then slowly cut the cutting tool into the road material. During the mixing process, it is necessary to adjust the cutting depth of the tool, the speed of the rotor, and the walking speed according to the mixing situation of the material and the construction requirements. At the same time, attention should be paid to observing the operation status of the road mixer. If any abnormal sound or vibration is found, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection and troubleshooting before continuing construction.

安全防护：路拌机施工时，周围应设置明显的警示标志，防止无关人员进入施工区域。操作人员必须佩戴好个人防护装备，如安全帽、护目镜等。在设备维护和保养时，要先切断电源或动力源，并悬挂警示标志，防止误操作造成安全事故。

Safety protection: During the construction of the road mixer, clear warning signs should be set up around to prevent unrelated personnel from entering the construction area. Operators must wear personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, goggles, etc. During equipment maintenance and upkeep, it is necessary to first cut off the power supply or power source, and hang warning signs to prevent safety accidents caused by misoperation.

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